National Counselor Exam (NCE) 2025 – All-in-One Preparation Guide for Guaranteed Success!

Ecological systems theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, emphasizes the importance of environmental influences on human development. It posits that individuals are shaped not only by their immediate surroundings—such as family and school—but also by the broader social contexts and structures like culture, community, and socioeconomic status. This theory presents a multi-layered framework, comprised of various systems, each addressing different environmental factors that can affect development over time.

The theory delineates several levels of environmental influence, including the microsystem (immediate environment), mesosystem